肠炎沙门氏菌对新鲜番茄的附着和渗透

摘  要：通过对肠炎沙门氏菌在新鲜番茄不同部位的存活情况，包括模式、时间的研究，旨在对番茄中沙门氏菌污染进行风险分析并为找到肠炎沙门氏菌在番茄上附着与存活最小化的干预方法提供科学依据。采用不同处理方法对番茄上肠炎沙门氏菌的生存量进行研究，包括不同人工污染程度及部位，不同贮存时间和温度，分别取番茄污染表皮处和果肉进行沙门氏菌定性和MPN法定量检测，并结合电镜观察番茄表面结构,分析附着渗透可能。结果表明：番茄表皮及果蒂多孔形态给微生物的附着和渗透提供一定的条件，人工接种30 d后，仍可在番茄果皮、果肉、果蒂处分离到肠炎沙门氏菌，并且附着与渗透易发生在果蒂和破损表皮处。因此，沙门氏菌可长期存活于番茄表皮及内部，表面多孔结构保护肠炎沙门氏菌免受清洗的影响，为生食带来安全隐患。
关键词：番茄；肠炎沙门氏菌；附着；渗透
文献标志码：A       文章编号：1674-5124（2016）01-0061-04
Attachment and infiltration of Salmonella enterica to fresh tomatoes
DAI Xiaohang1，2， GUO Ling’an1，2， WEI Chao1，2
（1. Analysis and Testing Center of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Chengdu 610066，China；
2. Security Risk Assessment Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture（Chengdu），Chengdu 610066，China）
Abstract: The survival-growth capacity of Salmonella enterica populations on different parts of tomatoes such as mode and time， which are investigated to provide a scientific basis for risk assessment as well as the design of intervention methods to minimize the attachment and infiltration of Salmonella enterica. The contaminated tomato skins and pulps were qualitatively and quantitatively detected and the infiltration probability was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope after different methods were used to study the survival amount of Salmonella enterica， including the grades and parts of artificial pollution as well as the storage time and temperature. The results indicate that the skin and the porous morphology of the stem have offered the microorganisms certain conditions for attachment and infiltration； Salmonella enterica could still be found in the tomato skin， pulp and stem 30 days after artificial inoculation. In other words， Salmonella enterica can survive in the skins and inner parts of the tomatoes for a long time， and hidden dangers may occur when tomatoes are consumed uncooked， because the porous structure of the tomato skin has protected Salmonella enterica from being washed away.
Keywords: tomatoes； Salmonella enterica； attachment； infiltration