GPS技术在公路工程测量中的分析及应用

曹康健
（中山大学遥感与地理信息工程系，广东 广州 510275）
摘  要：以公路隧道施工GPS控制网的建立及测量数据为例，在GPS控制测量的理论基础上和相关技术规范条件下，论述隧道贯通新的测量方法。对该隧道GPS平面控制网进行测量研究，介绍GPS测量中基础环境控制网的建立与布网方法，在实施处理过程中通过对GPS定位、利用Ashtech Solutions进行GPS数据采集后数据精度处理，来分析该技术在隧道贯通平面控制测量方面的实际应用方法与过程，采用点观测模式时，不同点必须采用不同基线、同步环和异步环的数据检验，在算法上采用约束平差进行误差分析与计算。该法在使用便捷和测量精度上比传统测量方法功能更强大、更精确，为后期利用GPS技术进行进行隧道贯通平面控制测量提供帮助。
关键词：GPS技术；公路工程；工程测量；控制网
中图分类号：P228.4；U416；U459；TP274+.2         文献标志码：A        文章编号：1674-5124（2013）04-0031-05
Analysis and application of GPS-technology in highway engineering measurement
CAO Kang-jian
（Department of Remote Sensing and GIS Engineering，Sun Yat-sen University，Guangzhou 510275，China）
Abstract: Taking the establishment and measurement data of GPS control network for the highway construction of highway tunnel as an example， the authors discusses the new measuring method of tunnel through on the basis of GPS control theory and under the conditions of related technical specification. The tunnel GPS plane control network was measured， and the establishment and deployment of environmental control network in GPS measurements were introduced. The application methods and process of this technology for the plane control surveying in tunnel were carried out by analyzing GPS positioning and processing the accuracy of GPS data obtained by the Ashtech Solutions in the implementation process. When the observation mode was used， different point must be tested with different data of baseline， synchronous ring and asynchronous ring， and the algorithm of the constraint adjustment error was used to analyze and calculate. This method will be more powerful and precise in ease of use and accuracy than the traditional measurement method， and will be helpful for using GPS technology to through horizontal control survey for tunnel.
Key words: GPS technology； highway engineering； engineering measurement； control network